kim sanghoon
건축
문화
세계고층건물디자인 사진
개인이야기
건축법
2010년 3월 7일 일요일
How to Travel Around Korea
kim sanghoon
건축
문화
How to Travel Around Korea
Domestic flights: Most domestic destinations are within an hour's flight from Seoul. Gimpo Airport, located between the western area of Seoul and the newer Incheon International Airport, is primarily used for domestic travel and short flights to Japan and China. Korean Air, Asiana Airlines and a few domestic discount carriers handle all flights within the country.
KTXRailway services: The Korea Railroad (KORAIL) operates three types of trains ― high-speed (KTX), express (Saemaeul), and local (Mugunhwa) ― along an extensive nationwide network. The KTX trains link Seoul with Busan, Mokpo, East Daegu, Gwangju and Iksan. Since even the longest KTX trip is under three hours, there are no dining cars, but passengers can purchase snacks and beverages from service carts provided.
Express trains usually have dining cars. Most popular destinations in the nation can be reached via direct line or a single transfer. Check Korea Rail's website (www.korail.go.kr) for information about combination train-ferry tickets and rail passes available. (Note: Rail passes are only available to inbound tourists and must be purchased from certified Korail vendors overseas.)
Local and city bus services: Regular intercity and long-distance express bus networks connect virtually all cities and towns in the country. Regular intercity buses are the least expensive way to travel around the country but make frequent stops. Bus fares range from 700 to 1,800 won (US$0.74~$1.91). The website “www.visitkorea.or.kr” has detailed information. Click on "Transportation."
Long distance express buses: Long distance express buses go directly to their destinations, stopping only at expressway rest areas every few hours. Two types of buses link every major city in the country. Regular intercity buses have four seats per row. The more-expensive deluxe buses have only three seats per row and offer amenities such as phones and movies. Some lines run late-night deluxe express buses as well. Seoul has three intercity terminals providing service to different parts of the country ― the main Express Bus Terminal and Nambu Bus Terminal on Subway Line 3 in Gangnam and the Dong (East) Seoul Bus Terminal near Gangbyeon Station on Line 2. Busan's Express Bus Terminal is in its eastern downtown area.
Subway services: The subway is the most efficient and convenient way to get around Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Incheon and Daejeon. Subways have developed into these cities' main transportation systems and provide fast, safe, and comfortable rides. The Seoul Metro links all neighborhoods with the outlying areas and satellite cities. Fares vary according to destination, the basic fare being 1,000 won (US$ 1.06). Passengers can easily pay bus and subway fares and receive free transfers by using a debit card, known as T-money.
Taxi services: There are two kinds of taxis regular and deluxe. Fares are based on distance and time. The black deluxe taxis are more comfortable, provide better service and charge more than the regular gray taxis. Nearly all taxis are equipped with a free third-party interpretation system that can be accessed by cell phone if passenger and driver have difficulty communicating.
Car rental : Driving can be an exciting and effective way of getting around Korea. Extensive road and expressway networks are available, which means you can visit every corner of the country easily.
**Drivers must meet the following requirements:
-Have more than one year's driving experience.
-Have an International Driver's License.
-Be over 21 years of age.
-Possess a valid passport.
Rental fees vary from 68,000 to 265,000 won (US$ 71.5 - $ 278.9) per day, depending upon the type of car. The speed limit is 60km/hr for most roads in the city and 80-100km/hr on expressways. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is a felony that may result in a heavy penalty.
Ferry services : One of the most pleasant ways to see Korea, popular mainland to island ferry routes are Busan to Jejudo, Mokpo to Hongdo, and Pohang to Ulleungdo. There are ships making runs between Busan and Yeosu, with many in-between stops possible at ports along the south coast and Hallyeo Maritime National Park. Click “Transportation” on the website www.visitkorea.or.kr for more information about transportation and many other tourist-related information.
세계고층건물디자인 사진
개인이야기
건축법
건축
문화
How to Travel Around Korea
Domestic flights: Most domestic destinations are within an hour's flight from Seoul. Gimpo Airport, located between the western area of Seoul and the newer Incheon International Airport, is primarily used for domestic travel and short flights to Japan and China. Korean Air, Asiana Airlines and a few domestic discount carriers handle all flights within the country.
KTXRailway services: The Korea Railroad (KORAIL) operates three types of trains ― high-speed (KTX), express (Saemaeul), and local (Mugunhwa) ― along an extensive nationwide network. The KTX trains link Seoul with Busan, Mokpo, East Daegu, Gwangju and Iksan. Since even the longest KTX trip is under three hours, there are no dining cars, but passengers can purchase snacks and beverages from service carts provided.
Express trains usually have dining cars. Most popular destinations in the nation can be reached via direct line or a single transfer. Check Korea Rail's website (www.korail.go.kr) for information about combination train-ferry tickets and rail passes available. (Note: Rail passes are only available to inbound tourists and must be purchased from certified Korail vendors overseas.)
Local and city bus services: Regular intercity and long-distance express bus networks connect virtually all cities and towns in the country. Regular intercity buses are the least expensive way to travel around the country but make frequent stops. Bus fares range from 700 to 1,800 won (US$0.74~$1.91). The website “www.visitkorea.or.kr” has detailed information. Click on "Transportation."
Long distance express buses: Long distance express buses go directly to their destinations, stopping only at expressway rest areas every few hours. Two types of buses link every major city in the country. Regular intercity buses have four seats per row. The more-expensive deluxe buses have only three seats per row and offer amenities such as phones and movies. Some lines run late-night deluxe express buses as well. Seoul has three intercity terminals providing service to different parts of the country ― the main Express Bus Terminal and Nambu Bus Terminal on Subway Line 3 in Gangnam and the Dong (East) Seoul Bus Terminal near Gangbyeon Station on Line 2. Busan's Express Bus Terminal is in its eastern downtown area.
Subway services: The subway is the most efficient and convenient way to get around Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Incheon and Daejeon. Subways have developed into these cities' main transportation systems and provide fast, safe, and comfortable rides. The Seoul Metro links all neighborhoods with the outlying areas and satellite cities. Fares vary according to destination, the basic fare being 1,000 won (US$ 1.06). Passengers can easily pay bus and subway fares and receive free transfers by using a debit card, known as T-money.
Taxi services: There are two kinds of taxis regular and deluxe. Fares are based on distance and time. The black deluxe taxis are more comfortable, provide better service and charge more than the regular gray taxis. Nearly all taxis are equipped with a free third-party interpretation system that can be accessed by cell phone if passenger and driver have difficulty communicating.
Car rental : Driving can be an exciting and effective way of getting around Korea. Extensive road and expressway networks are available, which means you can visit every corner of the country easily.
**Drivers must meet the following requirements:
-Have more than one year's driving experience.
-Have an International Driver's License.
-Be over 21 years of age.
-Possess a valid passport.
Rental fees vary from 68,000 to 265,000 won (US$ 71.5 - $ 278.9) per day, depending upon the type of car. The speed limit is 60km/hr for most roads in the city and 80-100km/hr on expressways. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is a felony that may result in a heavy penalty.
Ferry services : One of the most pleasant ways to see Korea, popular mainland to island ferry routes are Busan to Jejudo, Mokpo to Hongdo, and Pohang to Ulleungdo. There are ships making runs between Busan and Yeosu, with many in-between stops possible at ports along the south coast and Hallyeo Maritime National Park. Click “Transportation” on the website www.visitkorea.or.kr for more information about transportation and many other tourist-related information.
세계고층건물디자인 사진
개인이야기
건축법
Korea World Heritage
kim sanghoon
건축
문화
World Heritage
The majestic entrance to Bulguksa TempleUNESCO has recognized the unique value and the distinct character of Korean culture by placing a number of Korean treasures on the World Heritage List.
In 1995, UNESCO added to its list Bulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto, both in Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do (North Gyeongsang Province); Haeinsa Temple Janggyeongpanjeon, the depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks in Gyeongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang Province); and Jongmyo, the Royal Ancestral Shrine in Seoul.
Changdeokgung Palace in Seoul and Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon were entered on the list in 1997. In 2000, two additional Korean treasures were added to the list: the dolmen sites of Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwado (Ganghwa Province); and the Gyeongju Historic Area, the capital of the ancient Silla Kingdom (57 B.C. - A.D. 935), where innumerable cultural treasures and historic sites are carefully preserved. In 2007, UNESCO named Korea's volcanic island Jejudo and its lava tubes a natural property of outstanding beauty which bears testimony to the history of our planet.
The main rotunda of the Seokguram GrottoBulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto were constructed over a 23-year period beginning in 751 during the Silla Kingdom by Chief Minister Kim Dae-seong (701-774). It is recorded that Kim was reincarnated as the son of a chief minister because he had been the virtuous son of a poor widow in a previous life.
He himself became chief minister and resigned in 750 to supervise the construction of Bulguksa to honor the parents of his present life and Seokguram to honor the parents of his previous life. Bulguksa was for public worship and Seokguram for the private worship of the king.
Tripitaka Koreana woodblocksBuilt on a series of stone terraces, Bulguksa blends into what appears as an organic whole with the rocky terrain of the wooded foothills of Tohamsan. The temple houses the Seokgatap (Pagoda of the Historic Buddha) and Dabotap (Pagoda of Many Treasures) as well as Cheongungyo (Blue Cloud Bridge), Baegungyo (White Cloud Bridge) and Chilbogyo (Bridge of Seven Treasures) ― the three staircases are called bridges because symbolically they lead from the secular world to the spiritual one of Buddha.
There are many other outstanding treasures within and outside the temple grounds, including gilt bronze Buddha statues.
Tombs of Silla Kingdom (57 B.C. - A.D. 935) in Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do (North Gyeongsang Province)Dominating the courtyard of the Daeungjeon (Main Hall) are two of Korea's most beautiful pagodas. The 8.3-meter-high Seokgatap and the 10.5-meter-high Dabotap were both built around 756.
Seokgatap is characterized by masculine simplicity and princely dignity and represents spiritual ascent via the teachings of Sakyamuni whereas the highly decorative Dabotap is more feminine and symbolizes the complexity of the world.
Seokguram Grotto has undergone renovation several times over the years. It is an artificially created stone cavern featuring a large seated Buddha surrounded by 38 Bodhisattvas. The grotto, like the structures in the vicinity of Bulguksa, is made from granite.
Changdeokgung PalaceSeokguram comprises a rectangular antechamber and a round interior chamber with a domed ceiling connected by a passageway. Chiseled out of a single block of granite, the 3.5-meter-high main Buddha is seated cross-legged on a lotus throne facing the east, with eyes closed in quiet meditation, and a serene, all-knowing expression on its face.
Seokguram represents a combination of Silla's knowledge of architecture, math, geometry, physics, religion and art into an organic whole and is one of Korea's greatest Buddhist masterpieces.
Janggyeongpanjeon, two storage halls at Haeinsa Temple, are the repositories for the Tripitaka Koreana, consisting of some 81,258 wood printing blocks, the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) version of the Buddhist canon. With more than 52 million Chinese characters precisely rendered, it is the oldest and most comprehensive Buddhist canon existing in the world today.
Jongmyo ShrineJongmyo, the Royal Ancestral Shrine, was dedicated in 1395, three years after the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) was established. It enshrines the spirit tablets of its kings and queens. The elaborate memorial rites and the music, which accompanies them called Jongmyojeryeak, were designated as Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Ceremonial reenactments of the Joseon ancestral memorial rites are conducted on the first Sunday of every May at Jongmyo.
Changdeokgung Palace was first built in 1405 and was reconstructed after being burnt down in 1592 during the Japanese invasion. The palace itself is a masterful work but particularly noteworthy is the back garden (Huwon), also called the Secret garden (Biwon), which is widely acclaimed for its beautifully landscaped and creative gardens. The garden comprises almost three-fourths of the 405,636-square-meter palace grounds and is tastefully laid out with all the essential elements of a traditional Korean garden: picturesque pavilions and halls, lotus ponds, uniquely shaped rocks, stone bridges, stairways, water troughs and springs scattered among dense woods.
Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do (Gyeonggi Province)Hwaseong Fortress was constructed over 34 months in Suwon, south of Seoul, in 1796. The fortress incorporated the very latest construction technology, theories of military defense and aesthetic principles to create the most advanced military stronghold Korea had ever known. It stretched over mountainous terrain, around an urban center and through flatland and included four major and several minor gates, command posts, observation towers, battlements, guard posts and bunkers. Most of the 5,743 meter exterior fortress wall still remains.
The Gyeongju Historic Area and dolmen sites in the counties of Gochang, Jeollabuk-do; Hwasun, Jeollanam-do; and Ganghwa, Gyeonggi-do (Gyeonggi Province), were also added to the list in 2000. Gyeongju was the capital of the Silla Kingdom for a thousand years and the area is called a “Museum Without Walls” because of the wealth of historical properties there.
Mt. Hallasan in JejudoJeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes together comprise three sites that make up 18,846 ha. They are Geomunoreum, regarded as the finest lava tube cave system anywhere, with its multicolored carbonate ceilings and floors and dark-colored lava walls; the dramatic fortress-like Seongsan Ilchulbong crater rising out of the ocean; and Hallasan, South Korea's highest mountain, with its waterfalls, multi-shaped rock formations and small crater lake. These sites of outstanding aesthetic beauty also bear testimony to the history of the planet, its features and the processes which formed our world.
Memory of the World
HunminjeongeumIn 1997, UNESCO initiated a Memory of the World Register for the purpose of preserving and disseminating the documentary heritage of the world that is in danger of being lost forever. Korean additions to this registry include Hunminjeongeum (Proper Phonetics to Instruct the People), Joseon Wangjosillok (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), Buljo Jikjisimcheyojeol (Selected Sermons of Buddhist Sages and Seon Masters), Seungjeongwon Ilgi (Diaries of the Royal Secretariat), the printing woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana and miscellaneous Buddhist scriptures, and the Uigwe (Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty).
Hunminjeongeum was a primer for teaching Hangeul, the Korean alphabet created by the Joseon Dynasty's fourth ruler, King Sejong the Great (r. 1418-1450). The new alphabet was promulgated in 1446.
Joseon Wangjosillok resulted from the tradition of preparing a historic record of each reign. It began in 1413 with the Annals of King Taejo, the founder and first king of Joseon, and continued through the end of the dynasty in 1910. The Annals were drafted by historians in the Office for Annals Compilation (Chunchugwan), and to ensure preservation, copies were stored in special repositories situated in different parts of the country.
Starting from left: Joseon Wangjosilok, Buljo Jikjisimcheolyojeol and Seungjeongwon Ilgi
Buljo Jikjisimcheyojeol, compiled in 1372 by the monk Baegun (1298-1374), contains the essentials of Seon (Zen) Buddhism. The key words of the title, “Jikjisimche” were taken from a famous phrase about attaining enlightenment through the practice of Seon. A colophon on the last page of the book states that it was printed with movable metal type at Heungdeoksa Temple in 1377, about seventy years before the Gutenberg Bible was printed in Germany, making it the world's oldest book printed with movable metal type.
The Seungjeongwon, the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty, was responsible for keeping the Seungjeongwon Ilgi, a detailed record of the daily events and official schedule of the court, from Joseon Dynasty's first king, Taejo (r. 1392-1398), to the 27th and last, Sunjong (r. 1907-1910). However currently only 3,243 diaries exist. Recorded in the Seungjeongwon Ilgi is the largest amount of authentic historic information and state secrets of the Joseon Dynasty. It served as the primary source for the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, thus, its historic value is even greater than the Annals itself.
Uigwe: The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910)The Goryeo Daejanggyeong (Goryeo Dynasty Tripitaka), known as the “Tripitaka Koreana” to modern scholars, is a collection of the Tripitaka (Buddhist scriptures). Carved onto 81,258 wooden printing blocks in the 13th century, under commission by the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392), it is currently stored at Haeinsa Temple in Gyeongsangnam-do.
A unique form of documentary heritage, the Uigwe is a collection of Royal Protocols for the 500-year-long Joseon Dynasty. A comprehensive and systematic collection of writings and paintings, it provides a detailed account of the important ceremonies and rites of the Joseon court. Its particular style of documentary heritage cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
Intangible Cultural Heritage
Jongmyojeryeak royal ancestral ritual musicIn 1998, UNESCO created the Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity to protect the oral and intangible cultural heritage of the world. Since the first proclamation in 2001, three intangible cultural treasures of Korea have been proclaimed Masterpieces, and these include the Jongmyo Jerye and Jongmyo-jeryeak (Royal Ancestral Rite and Ritual Music), pansori (epic songs), and the Gangneung Danoje Festival.
Jongmyojerye is the ancestral memorial rite held for the repose of the spirits of the kings and queens of the Joseon period at Jongmyo (the Royal Ancestral Shrine) where their spirit tablets are enshrined. Jongmyo-jeryeak was performed during the rites. Accompanied by ritual dancing, Botaepyeong (Maintaining the Great Peace) was a suite of 11 pieces praising the civil achievements of the dynastic founders and Jeongdaeeop (Founding a Great Dynasty) was a suite of 15 pieces praising their military accomplishments.
These two works were composed in 1447. Two additional pieces, known as Jongmyoakjang were composed a few years later. Hundreds of officiants, musicians, dancers and attendants take part in the event, which reflects the solemnity and magnificence of Confucian rituals. It is a rare example of an intangible cultural masterpiece that has maintained its original form for 500 years.
Pansori performancePansori is a genre of musical story-telling, performed by a vocalist with drum accompaniment. These popular solo epic songs, characterized by expressive singing, stylized speech, and mimetic gestures, embrace both aristocratic and folk culture.
Pansori is a compound word from “pan” (a public place where people gather) and “sori” (song). Performances can last up to eight hours, where a male or female singer improvises on texts that combine rural Korean dialects with erudite literary expressions. The settings, characters and situations that make up the pansori are rooted in the Joseon period.
Mask dance from the Gangneung Danoje FestivalDanoje, held to pray for a good harvest, falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and marks the end of the spring barley and rice-planting season. Traditionally it was one of the three most important holidays along with Seollal (Lunar New Year's) and Chuseok (Thanksgiving).
Gangneung's Danoje Festival in Gangwon-do (Gangwon Province) is the largest traditional festival in Korea and lasts nearly four weeks in the fourth to early fifth month of the lunar calendar.
The music, dance, literature, drama and handicrafts associated with the festival are of high artistic value and have extraordinary worth in that the festival has continued for approximately a thousand years and reflects the history and life of commoners. The festival also incorporates Korean religious traditions, including Confucianism, Shamanism, Buddhism and Taoism and offers a diversity of ceremonies and performances.
세계고층건물디자인 사진
개인이야기
건축법
건축
문화
World Heritage
The majestic entrance to Bulguksa TempleUNESCO has recognized the unique value and the distinct character of Korean culture by placing a number of Korean treasures on the World Heritage List.
In 1995, UNESCO added to its list Bulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto, both in Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do (North Gyeongsang Province); Haeinsa Temple Janggyeongpanjeon, the depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks in Gyeongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang Province); and Jongmyo, the Royal Ancestral Shrine in Seoul.
Changdeokgung Palace in Seoul and Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon were entered on the list in 1997. In 2000, two additional Korean treasures were added to the list: the dolmen sites of Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwado (Ganghwa Province); and the Gyeongju Historic Area, the capital of the ancient Silla Kingdom (57 B.C. - A.D. 935), where innumerable cultural treasures and historic sites are carefully preserved. In 2007, UNESCO named Korea's volcanic island Jejudo and its lava tubes a natural property of outstanding beauty which bears testimony to the history of our planet.
The main rotunda of the Seokguram GrottoBulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto were constructed over a 23-year period beginning in 751 during the Silla Kingdom by Chief Minister Kim Dae-seong (701-774). It is recorded that Kim was reincarnated as the son of a chief minister because he had been the virtuous son of a poor widow in a previous life.
He himself became chief minister and resigned in 750 to supervise the construction of Bulguksa to honor the parents of his present life and Seokguram to honor the parents of his previous life. Bulguksa was for public worship and Seokguram for the private worship of the king.
Tripitaka Koreana woodblocksBuilt on a series of stone terraces, Bulguksa blends into what appears as an organic whole with the rocky terrain of the wooded foothills of Tohamsan. The temple houses the Seokgatap (Pagoda of the Historic Buddha) and Dabotap (Pagoda of Many Treasures) as well as Cheongungyo (Blue Cloud Bridge), Baegungyo (White Cloud Bridge) and Chilbogyo (Bridge of Seven Treasures) ― the three staircases are called bridges because symbolically they lead from the secular world to the spiritual one of Buddha.
There are many other outstanding treasures within and outside the temple grounds, including gilt bronze Buddha statues.
Tombs of Silla Kingdom (57 B.C. - A.D. 935) in Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do (North Gyeongsang Province)Dominating the courtyard of the Daeungjeon (Main Hall) are two of Korea's most beautiful pagodas. The 8.3-meter-high Seokgatap and the 10.5-meter-high Dabotap were both built around 756.
Seokgatap is characterized by masculine simplicity and princely dignity and represents spiritual ascent via the teachings of Sakyamuni whereas the highly decorative Dabotap is more feminine and symbolizes the complexity of the world.
Seokguram Grotto has undergone renovation several times over the years. It is an artificially created stone cavern featuring a large seated Buddha surrounded by 38 Bodhisattvas. The grotto, like the structures in the vicinity of Bulguksa, is made from granite.
Changdeokgung PalaceSeokguram comprises a rectangular antechamber and a round interior chamber with a domed ceiling connected by a passageway. Chiseled out of a single block of granite, the 3.5-meter-high main Buddha is seated cross-legged on a lotus throne facing the east, with eyes closed in quiet meditation, and a serene, all-knowing expression on its face.
Seokguram represents a combination of Silla's knowledge of architecture, math, geometry, physics, religion and art into an organic whole and is one of Korea's greatest Buddhist masterpieces.
Janggyeongpanjeon, two storage halls at Haeinsa Temple, are the repositories for the Tripitaka Koreana, consisting of some 81,258 wood printing blocks, the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) version of the Buddhist canon. With more than 52 million Chinese characters precisely rendered, it is the oldest and most comprehensive Buddhist canon existing in the world today.
Jongmyo ShrineJongmyo, the Royal Ancestral Shrine, was dedicated in 1395, three years after the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) was established. It enshrines the spirit tablets of its kings and queens. The elaborate memorial rites and the music, which accompanies them called Jongmyojeryeak, were designated as Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Ceremonial reenactments of the Joseon ancestral memorial rites are conducted on the first Sunday of every May at Jongmyo.
Changdeokgung Palace was first built in 1405 and was reconstructed after being burnt down in 1592 during the Japanese invasion. The palace itself is a masterful work but particularly noteworthy is the back garden (Huwon), also called the Secret garden (Biwon), which is widely acclaimed for its beautifully landscaped and creative gardens. The garden comprises almost three-fourths of the 405,636-square-meter palace grounds and is tastefully laid out with all the essential elements of a traditional Korean garden: picturesque pavilions and halls, lotus ponds, uniquely shaped rocks, stone bridges, stairways, water troughs and springs scattered among dense woods.
Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do (Gyeonggi Province)Hwaseong Fortress was constructed over 34 months in Suwon, south of Seoul, in 1796. The fortress incorporated the very latest construction technology, theories of military defense and aesthetic principles to create the most advanced military stronghold Korea had ever known. It stretched over mountainous terrain, around an urban center and through flatland and included four major and several minor gates, command posts, observation towers, battlements, guard posts and bunkers. Most of the 5,743 meter exterior fortress wall still remains.
The Gyeongju Historic Area and dolmen sites in the counties of Gochang, Jeollabuk-do; Hwasun, Jeollanam-do; and Ganghwa, Gyeonggi-do (Gyeonggi Province), were also added to the list in 2000. Gyeongju was the capital of the Silla Kingdom for a thousand years and the area is called a “Museum Without Walls” because of the wealth of historical properties there.
Mt. Hallasan in JejudoJeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes together comprise three sites that make up 18,846 ha. They are Geomunoreum, regarded as the finest lava tube cave system anywhere, with its multicolored carbonate ceilings and floors and dark-colored lava walls; the dramatic fortress-like Seongsan Ilchulbong crater rising out of the ocean; and Hallasan, South Korea's highest mountain, with its waterfalls, multi-shaped rock formations and small crater lake. These sites of outstanding aesthetic beauty also bear testimony to the history of the planet, its features and the processes which formed our world.
Memory of the World
HunminjeongeumIn 1997, UNESCO initiated a Memory of the World Register for the purpose of preserving and disseminating the documentary heritage of the world that is in danger of being lost forever. Korean additions to this registry include Hunminjeongeum (Proper Phonetics to Instruct the People), Joseon Wangjosillok (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), Buljo Jikjisimcheyojeol (Selected Sermons of Buddhist Sages and Seon Masters), Seungjeongwon Ilgi (Diaries of the Royal Secretariat), the printing woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana and miscellaneous Buddhist scriptures, and the Uigwe (Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty).
Hunminjeongeum was a primer for teaching Hangeul, the Korean alphabet created by the Joseon Dynasty's fourth ruler, King Sejong the Great (r. 1418-1450). The new alphabet was promulgated in 1446.
Joseon Wangjosillok resulted from the tradition of preparing a historic record of each reign. It began in 1413 with the Annals of King Taejo, the founder and first king of Joseon, and continued through the end of the dynasty in 1910. The Annals were drafted by historians in the Office for Annals Compilation (Chunchugwan), and to ensure preservation, copies were stored in special repositories situated in different parts of the country.
Starting from left: Joseon Wangjosilok, Buljo Jikjisimcheolyojeol and Seungjeongwon Ilgi
Buljo Jikjisimcheyojeol, compiled in 1372 by the monk Baegun (1298-1374), contains the essentials of Seon (Zen) Buddhism. The key words of the title, “Jikjisimche” were taken from a famous phrase about attaining enlightenment through the practice of Seon. A colophon on the last page of the book states that it was printed with movable metal type at Heungdeoksa Temple in 1377, about seventy years before the Gutenberg Bible was printed in Germany, making it the world's oldest book printed with movable metal type.
The Seungjeongwon, the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty, was responsible for keeping the Seungjeongwon Ilgi, a detailed record of the daily events and official schedule of the court, from Joseon Dynasty's first king, Taejo (r. 1392-1398), to the 27th and last, Sunjong (r. 1907-1910). However currently only 3,243 diaries exist. Recorded in the Seungjeongwon Ilgi is the largest amount of authentic historic information and state secrets of the Joseon Dynasty. It served as the primary source for the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, thus, its historic value is even greater than the Annals itself.
Uigwe: The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910)The Goryeo Daejanggyeong (Goryeo Dynasty Tripitaka), known as the “Tripitaka Koreana” to modern scholars, is a collection of the Tripitaka (Buddhist scriptures). Carved onto 81,258 wooden printing blocks in the 13th century, under commission by the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392), it is currently stored at Haeinsa Temple in Gyeongsangnam-do.
A unique form of documentary heritage, the Uigwe is a collection of Royal Protocols for the 500-year-long Joseon Dynasty. A comprehensive and systematic collection of writings and paintings, it provides a detailed account of the important ceremonies and rites of the Joseon court. Its particular style of documentary heritage cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
Intangible Cultural Heritage
Jongmyojeryeak royal ancestral ritual musicIn 1998, UNESCO created the Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity to protect the oral and intangible cultural heritage of the world. Since the first proclamation in 2001, three intangible cultural treasures of Korea have been proclaimed Masterpieces, and these include the Jongmyo Jerye and Jongmyo-jeryeak (Royal Ancestral Rite and Ritual Music), pansori (epic songs), and the Gangneung Danoje Festival.
Jongmyojerye is the ancestral memorial rite held for the repose of the spirits of the kings and queens of the Joseon period at Jongmyo (the Royal Ancestral Shrine) where their spirit tablets are enshrined. Jongmyo-jeryeak was performed during the rites. Accompanied by ritual dancing, Botaepyeong (Maintaining the Great Peace) was a suite of 11 pieces praising the civil achievements of the dynastic founders and Jeongdaeeop (Founding a Great Dynasty) was a suite of 15 pieces praising their military accomplishments.
These two works were composed in 1447. Two additional pieces, known as Jongmyoakjang were composed a few years later. Hundreds of officiants, musicians, dancers and attendants take part in the event, which reflects the solemnity and magnificence of Confucian rituals. It is a rare example of an intangible cultural masterpiece that has maintained its original form for 500 years.
Pansori performancePansori is a genre of musical story-telling, performed by a vocalist with drum accompaniment. These popular solo epic songs, characterized by expressive singing, stylized speech, and mimetic gestures, embrace both aristocratic and folk culture.
Pansori is a compound word from “pan” (a public place where people gather) and “sori” (song). Performances can last up to eight hours, where a male or female singer improvises on texts that combine rural Korean dialects with erudite literary expressions. The settings, characters and situations that make up the pansori are rooted in the Joseon period.
Mask dance from the Gangneung Danoje FestivalDanoje, held to pray for a good harvest, falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and marks the end of the spring barley and rice-planting season. Traditionally it was one of the three most important holidays along with Seollal (Lunar New Year's) and Chuseok (Thanksgiving).
Gangneung's Danoje Festival in Gangwon-do (Gangwon Province) is the largest traditional festival in Korea and lasts nearly four weeks in the fourth to early fifth month of the lunar calendar.
The music, dance, literature, drama and handicrafts associated with the festival are of high artistic value and have extraordinary worth in that the festival has continued for approximately a thousand years and reflects the history and life of commoners. The festival also incorporates Korean religious traditions, including Confucianism, Shamanism, Buddhism and Taoism and offers a diversity of ceremonies and performances.
세계고층건물디자인 사진
개인이야기
건축법
Systemes.
kim sanghoon
건축
문화
세계고층건물디자인 사진
개인이야기
Systemes.
campaign
C & C
암호 메시지 구문
암호 모듈
암호 방식
암호 보안
암호 보조 처리기
암호 사용 기간
암호 수출 규제
암호 시스템
암호 시스템
암호 열쇠 키
암호 자료
Home
| Products
| Services
| Downloads
| About us
| Recruit
Software
hardware
Training
Products
C&C
Business
office tel
homeaddress
Passport No
add
Fax
Phone
name
Name&Add
Program
To Call
To Do
sun
sat
fri
thu
wed
tue
mon
charge
check
discussed
credit card No
home tel
Personal
company
Driving Licenes
system
Business Life
Grid
Blank
Theme
Project plan
special note
notes
years
content
note
Cash book
Thing to do
special
date
question
time
memo
Cash
thing
free
progress
calendar
Result
Today's Plan
Today's memo
Weekly Plan
Monthiy Schedule
Year planning
Item
uniq
Copyright by kim sang hoon ( c ) 1997-2006 hoonsolo inc
c & c
busniess
card
Y2K
【컴퓨터】
2000년 문제
《Y는
연도(year),
K는 1000을
뜻하는
킬로(kilo)를
의미하며,
연도의
마지막 두
자리만
사용한
컴퓨터
프로그램으로
2000년을
1900년으로
인식하는
컴퓨터
프로그램의
오류》
mr.kim
Business card
hoonsolo inc
BUSINESSCARD
mailto://hoonsolo@naver.com
home
| About us
| Products
| Services
| Downloads
| Recruit
Business card
hoonsolo1234@hihome.com
h
h
c&c
c
i
i
i
y2k.com/exitpage/
y2k.com
i
BKI
i
h
h
h
h
Goodday.hoonsolo
http://c&c.hoonsolo.com
myc&c
myc&c
문자열 입력
http://y2k.com/exitpage/Technology.php
http://y2k.com/exitpage/Credit.php
http://y2k.com/exitpage/Electronics.php
암호 [ crypto A ]
홈 뱅킹 [ home banking A ]
은행 예금자가 개인용 컴퓨터(PC)나 전용 단말기를 설치하고,
은행의 주 컴퓨터에 온라인으로 접속하여 가정에서 은행 업무를
제공받을 수 있는 서비스. 초기에는 예금자가 전화의 음성 자동 응답
서비스망을 통해 은행의 주 컴퓨터를 호출, 컴퓨터의 음성 지시에
따라 필요............................................................................
일렉트로닉 뱅킹 [ electronic banking, EB A ]
금융 기관 예금자가 컴퓨터 또는 전용 단말기를 설치하고, 은행의 주
컴퓨터에 온라인으로 접속하여 기업이나 가정에서 각종 은행
서비스를 받을 수 있는 시스템. 사무실이나 가정에서 예금의 잔액
확인, 입출금 조회, 계좌 간 예금 이체 등을 할 수 있고 은행에서는
각종 ....................................................................................
암호 경로 [ 暗號經路, cryptographic path A ]
망의 임의의 두 접속점 간을 암호화하기 위해 같은 경로를 공유하는
서로 다른 논리 채널들에 각기 다른 암호 키를 할당함으로써 분리될
수 있는 논리 채널....................................................................
암호 열쇠 키 [ 暗號-, cryptographic ignition key, crypto ignition
key, CIK A ]
암호 키의 보관, 전송, 보호를 위해 사용되는 전자적 키. 키를 암호
열쇠 키(CIK)와 암호 모듈로 나누어 사용하되 필요한 경우 2개를
결합해서 하나의 키 암호화 키(KEK)를 만들어 당해 암호 모듈과 여타
다른 키들을 활성화시킨다.........................................................
암호 검사합 [ 暗號檢査合, Cryptographic checksum A ]
데이터의 변경 여부를 검사하기 위해 파일에 지정하는 수학적 수치.
암호 검사합은 파일 안에 있는 데이터를 해시(hash) 한
해시값이라고도 불리며, 고정된 길이의 값으로 변환하는 복잡한
수학적인 연산(암호 알고리듬)에 의해 생성된다. 인가되지 않은
사람은 해당 검사합...............................................................
암호 깨기 [ 暗號-, code breaking A ]
☞암호 해독.
암호 다이제스트 [ 暗號-, Cryptographic Digest A ]
가변 길이의 입력 문자를 고정 길이의 출력 문자로 변환하는 단방향
해시 기능. 고정 출력 문자는 각 입력 문자마다 유일한 해당 파일의
지문 확인 역할을 한다. 암호 다이제스트가 들어 있는 파일을
내려받을 경우 다이제스트를 다시 계산해서 출력 문자가
다이제스트..................................................................
암호 메시지 구문 [ 暗號-構文, Cryptographic Message Syntax,
CMS A ]
전자 서명, 압축, 인증, 암호문 등에 대한 구문. PKCS #7 암호
메시지 구문 표준에서 나온 것으로, 추상 구문 기법1(ASN. 1) 중 기본
부호화 규칙(BER)을 사용한다. 데이터 보호를 위한 요약 구문으로,
하나의 요약 구문이 다른 구문을 내포하는 복합 구문이
가능하다.................................................................................
암호 메시지 구문 [ 暗號-構文, Cryptographic Message Syntax,
CMS A ]
전자 서명, 압축, 인증, 암호문 등에 대한 구문. PKCS #7 암호
메시지 구문 표준에서 나온 것으로, 추상 구문 기법1(ASN. 1) 중 기본
부호화 규칙(BER)을 사용한다. 데이터 보호를 위한 요약 구문으로,
하나의 요약 구문이 다른 구문을 내포하는 복합 구문이 가능하다.
암호 모듈 [ 暗號-, cryptographic module A ]
암호 알고리듬을 포함한 암호 로직 및 처리를 수행하는 모든
하드웨어, 소프트웨어, 펌웨어의 총칭.
암호 보조 처리기 [ 暗號補助處理器, cryptoprocessor,
cryptographic coprocessor A ]
암호 처리 프로세서가 들어 있는 하드웨어 모듈. 데이터는 물론 회로
변조를 보호하는 많은 기능을 가진 장치로, 암호 기능만 있는 것도
있지만 다른 처리 기능을 가질 수도 있다. 예를들어, 스마트 카드
보조 처리기는 암호 알고리듬을 스마트 카드 기능으로 내장한다.
암호 사용 기간
암호 키의 승인 혹은 효력이 유지되는 특정 기간. 키 수명 또는 유효
기간이라고도 한다. 키는 평문을 암호문으로 만들기 위한 알고리듬에
사용된다. 암호 기간은 암호 데이터 비도, 암호 위험성, 비용 등
요소에 따라 결정되는 키 관리의 매우 중요한 부분으로 그 기간은
보통 일시의 기간으로 표시되지만 특수한 키는 암호화할 최대 데이터
양으로 표시될 수도 있다.
암호(暗號) 【주로 상업용】a code;【군호】a password;a
watchword;a sign;【비밀 기호】a cipher;cryptograph
문자 암호 a letter code
전신 암호 a telegraphic code;a cable code
암호를 풀다 decode;decipher[crack, break] a code
암호를 쓰다 write 《a message》 in code[cipher]
암호를 대다[말하다] give a password
암호화하다 code;encode
암호 없이는 이 계좌에 접근할 수 없습니다 You cannot access
this account without a password.
암호명(暗號名) a code name;code designation
암호문(暗號文) a cryptogram;a cryptograph;a coded message
암호 문자(暗號文字) a cipher;a code word
암호법(暗號法) cryptography
암호장(暗號帳) a code book
암호 전보(暗號電報) a telegram in cipher[code];a cipher[code(d)]
telegram
해외 암호 전보 a cablegram in code;a code(d) cable
암호 전보를 치다 send a code telegram;wire 《a person》 in code
암호 통신(暗號通信) a signal;cryptography
암호 해독(暗號解讀) code-breaking;cryptanalysis;cryptography
암호 해독관 a cipher officer
암호 해독의 열쇠 a cipher-key
건축법
건축
문화
세계고층건물디자인 사진
개인이야기
Systemes.
campaign
C & C
암호 메시지 구문
암호 모듈
암호 방식
암호 보안
암호 보조 처리기
암호 사용 기간
암호 수출 규제
암호 시스템
암호 시스템
암호 열쇠 키
암호 자료
Home
| Products
| Services
| Downloads
| About us
| Recruit
Software
hardware
Training
Products
C&C
Business
office tel
homeaddress
Passport No
add
Fax
Phone
name
Name&Add
Program
To Call
To Do
sun
sat
fri
thu
wed
tue
mon
charge
check
discussed
credit card No
home tel
Personal
company
Driving Licenes
system
Business Life
Grid
Blank
Theme
Project plan
special note
notes
years
content
note
Cash book
Thing to do
special
date
question
time
memo
Cash
thing
free
progress
calendar
Result
Today's Plan
Today's memo
Weekly Plan
Monthiy Schedule
Year planning
Item
uniq
Copyright by kim sang hoon ( c ) 1997-2006 hoonsolo inc
c & c
busniess
card
Y2K
【컴퓨터】
2000년 문제
《Y는
연도(year),
K는 1000을
뜻하는
킬로(kilo)를
의미하며,
연도의
마지막 두
자리만
사용한
컴퓨터
프로그램으로
2000년을
1900년으로
인식하는
컴퓨터
프로그램의
오류》
mr.kim
Business card
hoonsolo inc
BUSINESSCARD
mailto://hoonsolo@naver.com
home
| About us
| Products
| Services
| Downloads
| Recruit
Business card
hoonsolo1234@hihome.com
h
h
c&c
c
i
i
i
y2k.com/exitpage/
y2k.com
i
BKI
i
h
h
h
h
Goodday.hoonsolo
http://c&c.hoonsolo.com
myc&c
myc&c
문자열 입력
http://y2k.com/exitpage/Technology.php
http://y2k.com/exitpage/Credit.php
http://y2k.com/exitpage/Electronics.php
암호 [ crypto A ]
홈 뱅킹 [ home banking A ]
은행 예금자가 개인용 컴퓨터(PC)나 전용 단말기를 설치하고,
은행의 주 컴퓨터에 온라인으로 접속하여 가정에서 은행 업무를
제공받을 수 있는 서비스. 초기에는 예금자가 전화의 음성 자동 응답
서비스망을 통해 은행의 주 컴퓨터를 호출, 컴퓨터의 음성 지시에
따라 필요............................................................................
일렉트로닉 뱅킹 [ electronic banking, EB A ]
금융 기관 예금자가 컴퓨터 또는 전용 단말기를 설치하고, 은행의 주
컴퓨터에 온라인으로 접속하여 기업이나 가정에서 각종 은행
서비스를 받을 수 있는 시스템. 사무실이나 가정에서 예금의 잔액
확인, 입출금 조회, 계좌 간 예금 이체 등을 할 수 있고 은행에서는
각종 ....................................................................................
암호 경로 [ 暗號經路, cryptographic path A ]
망의 임의의 두 접속점 간을 암호화하기 위해 같은 경로를 공유하는
서로 다른 논리 채널들에 각기 다른 암호 키를 할당함으로써 분리될
수 있는 논리 채널....................................................................
암호 열쇠 키 [ 暗號-, cryptographic ignition key, crypto ignition
key, CIK A ]
암호 키의 보관, 전송, 보호를 위해 사용되는 전자적 키. 키를 암호
열쇠 키(CIK)와 암호 모듈로 나누어 사용하되 필요한 경우 2개를
결합해서 하나의 키 암호화 키(KEK)를 만들어 당해 암호 모듈과 여타
다른 키들을 활성화시킨다.........................................................
암호 검사합 [ 暗號檢査合, Cryptographic checksum A ]
데이터의 변경 여부를 검사하기 위해 파일에 지정하는 수학적 수치.
암호 검사합은 파일 안에 있는 데이터를 해시(hash) 한
해시값이라고도 불리며, 고정된 길이의 값으로 변환하는 복잡한
수학적인 연산(암호 알고리듬)에 의해 생성된다. 인가되지 않은
사람은 해당 검사합...............................................................
암호 깨기 [ 暗號-, code breaking A ]
☞암호 해독.
암호 다이제스트 [ 暗號-, Cryptographic Digest A ]
가변 길이의 입력 문자를 고정 길이의 출력 문자로 변환하는 단방향
해시 기능. 고정 출력 문자는 각 입력 문자마다 유일한 해당 파일의
지문 확인 역할을 한다. 암호 다이제스트가 들어 있는 파일을
내려받을 경우 다이제스트를 다시 계산해서 출력 문자가
다이제스트..................................................................
암호 메시지 구문 [ 暗號-構文, Cryptographic Message Syntax,
CMS A ]
전자 서명, 압축, 인증, 암호문 등에 대한 구문. PKCS #7 암호
메시지 구문 표준에서 나온 것으로, 추상 구문 기법1(ASN. 1) 중 기본
부호화 규칙(BER)을 사용한다. 데이터 보호를 위한 요약 구문으로,
하나의 요약 구문이 다른 구문을 내포하는 복합 구문이
가능하다.................................................................................
암호 메시지 구문 [ 暗號-構文, Cryptographic Message Syntax,
CMS A ]
전자 서명, 압축, 인증, 암호문 등에 대한 구문. PKCS #7 암호
메시지 구문 표준에서 나온 것으로, 추상 구문 기법1(ASN. 1) 중 기본
부호화 규칙(BER)을 사용한다. 데이터 보호를 위한 요약 구문으로,
하나의 요약 구문이 다른 구문을 내포하는 복합 구문이 가능하다.
암호 모듈 [ 暗號-, cryptographic module A ]
암호 알고리듬을 포함한 암호 로직 및 처리를 수행하는 모든
하드웨어, 소프트웨어, 펌웨어의 총칭.
암호 보조 처리기 [ 暗號補助處理器, cryptoprocessor,
cryptographic coprocessor A ]
암호 처리 프로세서가 들어 있는 하드웨어 모듈. 데이터는 물론 회로
변조를 보호하는 많은 기능을 가진 장치로, 암호 기능만 있는 것도
있지만 다른 처리 기능을 가질 수도 있다. 예를들어, 스마트 카드
보조 처리기는 암호 알고리듬을 스마트 카드 기능으로 내장한다.
암호 사용 기간
암호 키의 승인 혹은 효력이 유지되는 특정 기간. 키 수명 또는 유효
기간이라고도 한다. 키는 평문을 암호문으로 만들기 위한 알고리듬에
사용된다. 암호 기간은 암호 데이터 비도, 암호 위험성, 비용 등
요소에 따라 결정되는 키 관리의 매우 중요한 부분으로 그 기간은
보통 일시의 기간으로 표시되지만 특수한 키는 암호화할 최대 데이터
양으로 표시될 수도 있다.
암호(暗號) 【주로 상업용】a code;【군호】a password;a
watchword;a sign;【비밀 기호】a cipher;cryptograph
문자 암호 a letter code
전신 암호 a telegraphic code;a cable code
암호를 풀다 decode;decipher[crack, break] a code
암호를 쓰다 write 《a message》 in code[cipher]
암호를 대다[말하다] give a password
암호화하다 code;encode
암호 없이는 이 계좌에 접근할 수 없습니다 You cannot access
this account without a password.
암호명(暗號名) a code name;code designation
암호문(暗號文) a cryptogram;a cryptograph;a coded message
암호 문자(暗號文字) a cipher;a code word
암호법(暗號法) cryptography
암호장(暗號帳) a code book
암호 전보(暗號電報) a telegram in cipher[code];a cipher[code(d)]
telegram
해외 암호 전보 a cablegram in code;a code(d) cable
암호 전보를 치다 send a code telegram;wire 《a person》 in code
암호 통신(暗號通信) a signal;cryptography
암호 해독(暗號解讀) code-breaking;cryptanalysis;cryptography
암호 해독관 a cipher officer
암호 해독의 열쇠 a cipher-key
건축법
피드 구독하기:
글 (Atom)